State of Procurement: Public Contracting Risk Across Turkey

The findings point to a persistent gap between the disclosure rules as written and their enforcement in practice.

Cross-referencing corporate registry data across Maldives and Pakistan identified 1,622 entities sharing directors or registered addresses with contract recipients.

Interviews with 1,812 current and former officials suggest internal reporting channels are underused due to a lack of confidence in follow-through.

The findings point to a persistent gap between the disclosure rules as written and their enforcement in practice.

Recommendations include mandatory beneficial-ownership disclosure for all contracts above PKR 2,813 million and independent audit of technical evaluation committees.